Definition of slang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Definition of slang - Essay Example Slang is the continual and ever changing use and definition of words in informal conversation, often using references as a mean of comparisons or showing likeness. Some modern slang has endured over the decades since its inception and some will only last a few years before rendered obsolete or outdated.Faggot in modern American English, Canadian English and Australian English uses is a generally pejorative term for a gay man or for mean that are judged to be unmanly, weak or effeminate. Its uses have spread to varying extents elsewhere in the English-speaking world.The term faggot or faggit or fagot used for contempt for a person literally means, "bundle of sticks for burning", originated from French during 1300 AD. In medival England homosexual were supposedly burnt or the Bible is claimed to refer homosexuals stoking the fires of hell. This however is an urban myth. There is no such passage in bible and has never been a tradition in England of burning homosexuals at the stake. More over in the 1500 AD -1800 AD in Britain the word faggot has been used to contempt for a woman specially an old or dissipated women. It is also possible that the meaning derived from the use of the word as a derogatory term for street prostitutes, female and male because of their association with the gutter, where butchers threw "faggot- ends" of meat. The Yiddish word faygele, means "little bird".The word faggot is occasionally used in part of Britain to denote a silly or foolish person- some one who is "as stupid as a bundle of sticks". It has been used as a British slang in 1800 AD as "to copulate with a women" or "to womanized to consort with sexually loose women". In the pilot episode of 1960 British comedy "in loving memory" from Yorkshire television undertaker Jeremiah Unsworth is killed in an accident at work. After the funeral widow Ivy receives the condolences of her old friend Emi Jenkins who says he heard the call he answered it and he fell in the line of duty. No man can ask for a better epitaph than that. Ivy thanks her says goodbye and then turns to his nephew, Billy, as soon as the door is shut and says in reference to Amy "silly old faggot! He heard the call He answered it The only call your uncle Jeremiah ever heard was time, gentlemen please!" The term also used specially in Wales and the black county to refer to a kind of pork meatball covered in gravy. The word faggot have become understood as an Americanism in British English primarily due to its uses in films and television series imported from US. Faggot as a US slang use from early 1900 AD meaning for a male homosexuals usually considered as a strong derogatory remarks. It has been also used for "an unattractive young woman". The earliest known reference to the word in print was in 1940 Jackson and Hellyer "a vocabulary of criminal slang". Common use of faggot such as, "all the faggots (sissies) will be dressed in drag at the ball tonight". The word was also used by a character in Claude Mckays in 1928 novel "Home to Harlem", indicating that it was used during the Herlem Renaissance. Faggot has been historically used as a most offensive terms to address to an American man or adolescent boy. Even in recent year among many gay man use of the term is considered offensive or impolite. Originally confined to US the word in its homosexual senses has been spread by American popular culture to other English speaking countries. The observational comedian George Carlin once pointed out the distinction between faggot and queer. Queer means "homosexuals" where as faggot means "unmanly". The lyrics for 1985 song hit "money for nothing by Dire straits includes" the little faggot with the earring and makeup; yeh, buddy, that's his own hair; the little faggot got his own jet airplane; the little faggot is a millionaire". The repeated use of term mockingly and British usage meaning fool but the term nonetheless caused some controversy due to perception of US meaning.

Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Art History - Essay Example It reflects and promotes ideas in various ways. Due to its ways of values expression, it can influence and stimulate social life that promotes social development. Through the cultures we have studied, architecture has ideally informed us. Humans create design. The most triumphant architectural practice goes beyond only being a shed or a place for inhabitance. The most vital architectural practice as we gaze back over history mainly comprises of buildings or environments surroundings that have contributed so much more in a myriad of ways. Indeed, innovation in construction and building or buildings that have compelled the discipline to get make us think about our environment in dynamic ways, or just incredibly superb buildings that have aroused the human enthusiasm. Moreover, housing our activities and our lives. In multiple ancient civilizations like as those of Mesopotamia and Egypt, urbanism and architecture reflected engagement with the supernatural and divine ancient cultures. Consequently, this resulted to monumentality in architecture hence symbolic representation of the rulers political power. In Asian culture, Architecture of the Hindu temple is concerned with the expression of the microcosm and macrocosm, Architecture of the Buddhist, in particular, reflected several diversities in a region. In many Asian countries, forms of architecture which resulted from pantheistic religion mainly were designed for the enhancement of the landscape. In Islamic architecture, features developed to suit the societys religious and social needs. About various cultures from their architecture. Architecture and culture are in a close relationship. In a sense, architecture being the carrier of the culture. A variety of ancient Chinese architecture styles are valuable, such as temples imperial palaces, p avilions, altars and folk houses immensely reflect on the ancient thought. There is inherent unity of people with natural surroundings. Works of art

Psychotherapy with Franco Americans: Ethnicity Analysis

Psychotherapy with Franco Americans: Ethnicity Analysis I have always been detached from my bloodline, my heritage, my multi cultural experience. I have always felt like a mixed breed without strong cultural identity or tradition. I have been told that I have Native American, French Canadian, Scottish, Irish, and German ancestors. I always held on to that 1/16 Native American Cherokee line that passes through my maternal grandfather by his ‘full blooded’ Cherokee grandmother. The medieval Conwy Castle in Wales that traces my namesake, Conway, to a Welsh castle built for Edward I in 1280s has always sent me dreaming of a royal heritage. Yet my white identity development requires my racial self-awareness. To be a competent multi cultural counselor is to know thyself and ask, â€Å"What does it mean to be white?† In beginning my white identity research, I reconnected with family members and have found that actually I am not the queen of a castle or Cherokee princess but that the majority of my heritage is recorded as far back as 1400 France. My father recorded the long line of French ancestors and then settlers that travelled from France to New France. Franco American cultural identity presents an opportunity to explore the construction of white ethnicity in North America (Langellier, 2002). I am Acadian. The name Acadia was first used by the French to differentiate the eastern side of New France (Nova Scotia) from the west which began with the St. Lawrence valley and was named Canada (Doughty, 1922). Where Acadia ended and Canada began was never clearly defined and thus became the cause of French and English conflict for several decades. The Francois Coste family of my paternal grandmother, hails from the Martigues, Maraseille area of France. The Coste family migrated to Port Royal, Nova Scotia between 1672-1695 according to family documents. The family of Jean Fougere, with wife Marie Bourg, a branch from the same paternal grandmother came from the Diocese of Orleans, France, migrating to Cape Breton Island between 1691-1720. Prior to my ancestors travel towards Acadia, settlements appeared to thrive, â€Å"In 1667 Acadia was restored to France from English rule and by 1685 the population had doubled† (Doughty, 1922). In 1670, the King of France designed a law to increase the population of New France: â€Å"any household who had ten living children all under one roof would receive a yearly pension of 300 pounds from the government†. The population doubled every two decades and the legacy of the large French family endures (Langellier, 2009). Peace wasn’t to last, 1690 saw the outbreak of another Anglo-French war and in 1702 Queen Anne of England declared war against France and Spain. Despite war, the population of Acadia had grown to about 2,100 people by 1710, and â€Å"they were a strong, healthy, virtuous people sincerely attached to their religion and traditions. The most notable singularity of their race was stubbornness. The Acadians were content with the product of their labor and having few wants, they lived in perfect equality and with extreme frugality† (Doughty, 1922). In 1713, The Treaty of Utrecht set at rest the question of the ownership. Cape Breton, Prince Edward Island and the other gulf islands were in the hands of the French while Nova Scotia or Acadia was passed to the British crown† (Doughty, 1922). The Great Diaspora of 1755 left Acadians completely unprepared for the devastation to come. â€Å"By the King’s orders you are convened to hear His Majesty’s final resolution in respect to the French inhabitants of this his province of Nova Scotia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Thus it is peremptorily His Majesty’s orders that all the French inhabitants of these districts be removed; and through His Majesty’s goodness I am directed to allow you liberty to carry with you your money and as many of your household goods as you can take without discommoding the vessels you go in. I hope that in whatever part of the world your lot may fall, you may be faithful subjects, and a peaceable and happy people.† -given at Grand-Pre, 2nd September 1755 John Winslow (Doughty, 1922) Now deprived of all they held dear, the French were sent adrift as wanderers and exiles (Doughty, 1922) and my ancestors were sprinkled throughout the Acadian province in Port Royal, St. Peter’s, Cape Breton Island, Annapolis Royal, Ile Royale, and Port Toulouse. Some were brutally deported from eastern Canada to the Atlantic coast of the United States (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005). Deportation and exile did not bring peace to Nova Scotia. The Acadians who sought refuge in the forests and in Cape Breton joined with their Indian allies in guerilla warfare against the British and there became more killing and destruction from Indian raids than ever before (Doughty, 1922). The Acadians suffered severely. Families and colonies were separated and torn apart, spread among New England and as far south as Louisiana, an estimated 6,000 peoples deported and scattered among British colonies and merged into the general population with a lost identity (Doughty, 1922). The history of Franco Americans is described as â€Å"silenced, forgotten, lost, sold, abandoned, translated into English, absorbed, deported, or conquered, still often too poor or working-class, keeping to ourselves, staying out of sight, on the move. And ashamed of ourselves† (Langellier, 2009). In Canada, the French were admonished to ‘speak white’ by British who overheard them using their mother tongue in public, a racist form of ethnic shaming. (Langellier, 2009).Characteristic of oppressed people in colonized countries and with significant parallels in the developed world is the ‘culture of silence’; oppressors in the dominant culture attempt to ‘silence ’ through education and other institutions (Hanna, Talley, Guindon, 2000). Yet in Nova Scotia, the Acadians were missed by the oppressive British. In 1761, then lieutenant-governor wrote ‘it appears necessary that the inhabitants should be assisted by the Acadians in repairing the dykes for the preservation and recovery of the marsh lands, as the Acadians are the most skillful in the country’ (Doughty, 1922). The Treaty of Paris, in 1763, brought about peace between France and England and put an end to French power in America. The Acadians were no longer considered a menace and many were able to descend home. The persecution and exile from Nova Scotia required the French Canadians to hide from the English in a psychological sense. â€Å"They lived apart and turned in upon themselves in isolated rural settings, dominated culturally as well as religiously by the Catholic Church, they led simple lives and had minimal education† (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005). My Fougere and Coste families settled for over 200 years in Atlantic Canada between 1670-1890s. â€Å"Some Acadians were to wander as exiles in many lands for many years, separated from their children and from their kind, while others, more fortunate, were soon to regain their native soil† (Doughty, 1922). The earliest movement in my family history documents a return to Nova Scotia recorded in 1784, 30 years after the English had exiled the French. My great grandfather, Jeffrey Elias Levangie, was born in Havre Boucher, Nova Scotia in 1885; he the family heir that migrated to Boston, Massachusetts in the early 1900s to raise his Franco American family. â€Å"The people of Massachusetts loved not Catholics and Frenchmen; nevertheless, they received the refugees with especial kindness† (Doughty, 1922). Franco American neighborhoods became known as ‘little Canada’‘les petits canadas’, the safe community where French Canadians congregated upon emigrating to the United States. Les petits canadas were barricades against assimilation, especially the against the English language, Protestantism, and the dominant Irish Catholic hierarchy (Langellier, 2009). Franco Americans have been shaped by Catholicism, by their language, by dedication to family and work, and by a conservatism that arose from their rural roots (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005). They kept their faith, language, and culture as an ethnic victory. Their ethnic survival is named la survivance, the passionate effort to maintain French identity in North America. Through sheer stubbornness, French pride, and a long memory, la survivance focused on language retention, strict allegiance to the Catholic Church, parochial schooling and ethnic social organizations (Langellier, 2009). Church power secured French identity through its hold on education, by parochial schools unifying language, faith and customs. These schools anchored the neighborhoods, reproducing rural villages in urban settings to create resistance in assimilation (Langellier, 2009). This devotion to the French language and Catholic faith made Franco Americans the targets of religious hostility and racist attacks. In the 1880s and again in 1920s, French Catholics were the target of cross burnings by the Ku Klux Klan (Langellier, 2009). Always a hardworking group, even the British could not deny their resilient efforts. The French would â€Å"do and make do†. It was said â€Å"in our lives nothing is thought, everything is done† (Langellier, 2009). By the 1940s, the Franco community was largely working class in the United States (Langellier, 2009). Despite their work ethic, if we were to take the state of Maine as a relative sample, we would see that Franco Americans lag the rest of the population in earnings and education according to the 2010 census data. Among older French Americans, there is a strong connection between pride in culture and economic success (Long, 2012). Today, Maine’s largest ethnic populous is of French descent, however more than 98 percent of Mainers classified as Franco-American were born in the United States, and â€Å"the French language is no longer central to Franco identity (Long, 2012). Of those coming of age Franco Mainers 82% expressed doubts about the value of c ollege and yet 19% identified themselves as unemployed. One clear poll showed how having one family member attend college, spurred others to value education. This has increased emphasis on programs that honor Franco-American heritage and culture toward economic benefits (Long, 2012). The North American French embodies a cultural identity that has persisted for 400 years, enduring as a ‘quiet presence’ of Franco Americans. Franco Americans are twice immigrants, first from France to New France and then from Canada to the U.S. (Langellier, 2009). 200 years of discrimination, oppression, and poverty have shaped the Franco American culture and character that ‘yokes ethnic pride with ethnic shame’. Within the white ethnic hierarchy, Franco Americans have been at the bottom (Langellier, 2009). As recently as the 1980s, young children were place in speech therapy to ‘correct’ their accents writes langellier. Franco Americans tend to distrust even other ethnic groups that have been the target of prejudices as they have suffered abuse and discrimination, the survival of Franco Americans is in their spirit of endurance (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005). President Clinton’s race advisory board concluded that racial legacies of the past continue to haunt modern policies and practices that create unfair disparities between minority and majority groups (Sue, et al., 2007). Franco Americans have experienced distinct racial disparities and micro aggressions including: alien in one’s own land, ascription of intelligence, denial of individual racism, anthologizing cultural values, communication styles, second class status and environmental invalidation. â€Å"Oppression is related in some way or another to most of the problems presented to counselors† (Hanna, Talley, Guindon, 2000). For effective counseling to occur, states Sue, et al (2007), a positive coalition must develop between the counselor and client and working with clients who differ from the therapist in race, ethnicity, religion, culture and sexual orientation can pose special challenges. Franco Americans emphasize conformity, respect for authority and institutions, family loyalty, religious traditions, hard work and emotional self-control (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005).Anger is often a hidden emotion within the family and is either not allowed or vented passive aggressively; when anger does erupt, silence, slamming doors, or self punishment are common expressions(McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005). Today the French speaking population in this country is concentrated in mainly the northeast and in Louisiana, yet it is the third language group in the united states. Counselors in these areas have a primary need to raise their cultural consciousnesses about the French American experience(Hagel, 1978). In France, counseling looks very different than in the US. Professionals in the fields of counseling have different qualifications and often act as either vocational counselors or counseling psychologists (Bernarud, Cohen-Scali, Guichard, 2007). The word ‘counseling’ in French is often misunderstood. The closest translation is ‘conseil’ which literally means advice. For the French, counseling is far removed from the idea of therapy. Counseling is sometimes scorned and absent from some mental health manuals, at times presented as a quick fix remedy. (Bernarud, Cohen-Scali, Guichard, 2007)and Counseling psychology textbooks commonly referenced do not exist in the French language. (Bernarud, Cohen-Scali, Guichard, 2007) Little has been published on psychotherapy with Franco Americans. (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005) The increasing federal support for French bilingual education programs and dissemination of Franco oriented publications point to the need for the study of Franco American culture. This study can greatly enrich the cross cultural experience of the counselor and client as well as foster renewed self awareness and pride. (Hagel, 1978) The French have a long history of self help. Personal problems were considered too intimate to share with a therapist ‘stranger’. Working the problem out on one’s own or tolerating it is still a common ethic. Franco Americans are tentative in therapy and interventions may take time. The more pragmatic a therapists advice is, the more likely the client will return. Given the family’s apprehension and resistance, the therapist’s ability to establish rapport is paramount. Franco Americans have traditionally led private lives, characterized by persistence, â€Å"a spirit of independence and resourcefulness† (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005) The most common defense mechanisms are denial, displacement, sublimination and rationalization. They may have a tendency to scapegoat, assume the martyr. the therapist may begin ‘intensive brief therapy’ only by the third or fourth session when the qualities of ‘survivance’ persistence, endurance and tenacity have been invested in the therapeutic bond. Crisis brings a need for practical behavioral solutions and A cognitive behavioral approach tends to be effective. (McGoldrick, Giordano, Pearce, 2005) Most French ancestors rarely wish to discuss their ethnicity in treatment, according to mcgoldrick,et al. (2005). And reject an early emphasis on ethnicity in family therapy. However, if the therapist refuses to acknowledge the significance of racism or ethnicity in treatment, the alliance between therapist and client will breakdown. The willingness to discuss racial matters is of central importance in creating a therapeutic alliance. (Sue, et al., 2007) it is often pointed out that when clinician and client differ from one another along racial lines, the relationship may serve as a microcosm for troubled race relations in the us. (Sue, et al., 2007) often unintentional micro aggressions occur that pose the biggest challenge to the majority of white mental health professionals that have not developed their own white identity and are unintentional an unconscious in expressing their bias. Cultural competence requires racial self-awareness. (Sue, et al., 2007) As a result of having litt le or no awareness of their ethnic history, Franco Americans ‘make family sized stories into group sized stories† an over generalizing that takes away from their history and cultural identity. (Langellier, 2009) There is a correlation between cultural pride and success, With traditional institutions — such as the church, workplace and family — that passed along cultural knowledge from generation to generation losing influence, integrating studies of Franco-American cultures, would be beneficial because â€Å"having a strong sense of who you are and where you come from means you’re more likely to be successful,†(Long, 2012) Being cognizant of white racial identity development to identify racial micro aggressions as nearly all interracial encounters are prone. (Sue, et al., 2007) Bibliography Bernaud, J., Cohen-Scali, V., Guichard, J. (2007, January). Counseling Psychology in France: A Paradoxical Situation.Applied Psychology,56(1), 131-151. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00281.x Doughty, A. G. (1922).The Acadian Exiles, A Chronicle of the Land of Evangeline(Vol. 9, pp. 1-161). Toronto, Canada: Glasgow, Brook Company. Hagel, P. L. (1978, April). Resources for the Teaching of Franco-American Culture.The Modern Language Journal,62(4), 182-186. doi:10.2307/324353 Hanna, F. J., Talley, W. B., Guindon, M. H. (Fall 2000). The Power of Perception: Toward a Model of Cultural Oppression and Liberation.Journal of Counseling Development,78(4), 430-439. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01926.x Langellier, K. M. (2009, May 22). Performing family stories, forming cultural identity: Franco American Memere stories. Communication Studies,53(1), 56-73. doi:10.1080/10510970209388574 Long, R. (2012, September 25). Franco-American Mainers lag rest of state in earnings, education, new analysis shows.Bangor Daily News. Retrieved from http://bangordailynews.com/2012/09/25/news/state/franco-american-mainers-lag-rest-of-state-in-earnings-education-new-analysis-shows/ McGoldrick, M., Giordano, J., Pearce, J. K. (Eds.). (2005).Ethnicity and family therapy(3rd ed., pp. 545-553). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. B., Nadal, K. L., Esquilin, M. (May-June 2007). Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Implications for Clinical Practice.American Psychologist,62(4), 271-284. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271 Figure 1: https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/view/18761/20563

Gender Bias In Language :: essays research papers fc

Language is a very powerful element. It is the most common method of communication. Yet it is often misunderstood an misinterpreted, for language is a very complicated mechanism with a great deal of nuance. There are times when in conversation with another individual, that we must take into account the person's linguistic genealogy. There are people who use language that would be considered prejudicial or biased in use. But the question that is raised is in regard to language usage: is the language the cause of the bias or is it reflective of the preexisting bias that the user holds? There are those who believe that the language that we use in day-to-day conversation is biased in and of itself. They feel that the term mailman, for example, is one that excludes women mail carriers. Then there are those who feel that language is a reflection of the prejudices that people have within themselves. That is to say that the words that people choose to use in conversation denote the bias that they harbor within their own existence. There are words in the English language that are existing or have existed (some of them have changed with the new wave of "political correctness" coming about) that have inherently been sexually biased against women. For example, the person who investigates reported complaints (as from consumers or students), reports findings, and helps to achieve equitable settlements is ombudsman (Merriam Webster Dictionary) (Ombudsperson here at Indiana State University). This is an example of the gender bias that exists in the English language. The language is arranged so that men are identified with glorified and exalted positions, and women are identified with more service-oriented positions in which they are being dominated and instructed by men. So the language used to convey this type of male supremacy is generally reflecting the honored position of the male and the subservience of the female. Even in relationships, the male in the home is often referred to as the "man of the house," even if it is a 4-year-old-child. It is highly insulting to say that a 4-year-old male, based solely on his gender, is more qualified and capable of conducting the business and affairs of the home than his possibly well-educated, highly intellectual mother. There is a definite disparity in that situation. In American culture, a woman is valued for the attractiveness of her body, while a man is valued for his physical strength and his accomplishments (50).

Behavior Management Plan for High School

The Sand Creek High School is one particular institution known for its capability of handling numerous students coming from different individualities that may at times have presented several behavioral problems on the part of the students’ connection with the environment that they are particularly evolving with. This is the reason why this paper is presented by the author.The idea is to primarily raise suggestions that are viewed effective by the author for further application on the systems of solution that the said high school is applying to be able to meet the needs of the students in terms of behavioral development.From the different sections of research that are primarily presented in this study, it could be observed that the informations used to furnish the ideas actually are strongly implied for practical discussion of the suggested plans of behavioral management improvement. Through this study-based suggestion paper, the strengthening of the idealism of behavioral mana gement approach is further evaluated for further application. Making a fine comprehensive understanding of the matter makes this presentation of informations a direct implication of improvement within the existing systems of instruction applied in the Sand Creek High School.‘ Behavior Management Plan for High School (A RESEARCH PROPOSAL) PART 1: INTRODUCTION High Schools around the world naturally face a social dilemma of being involved in issues of student discipline. Perhaps because of the major issues of moral breakdown today, facing such problems may not come as easy as it particularly needed to be related with the actual situations of the society today. Undoubtedly though, psychologists and school counselors have strongly tried to answer the issues in a much more plausible approach.The implication of the matter has actually raised the challenge to school administrators questioning their capabilities of controlling the behavior of their students. This is among the many pro blems that school administrators today are expected to deal with. Obviously though, as the society today develops into a more less-moralized institution of human development, facing this specific dilemma may appear to be something that is almost near to impossible.This is the primary reason why educational developers today are trying their best to find ways to regulate the systems of social and internal influences that the students are receiving from in and out the school premises. High School students are usually ranging from ages 15 towards 18. It is undeniable that through these ages, individuals are highly susceptible to these particular influences both in and out the society that they are becoming the main focus of such programs that are aimed in making effective behavioral management programs that are to be implemented in learning institutions.What is the importance of this particular matter? This is what is supposed to be discussed within the study that follows herein. Case B ackground Sand Creek High School handles a number of different students from different races. Because of this, there needs to be an equalizing matter that would handle the differences of the students as individual learners. This particular equalizing manner is something that has to be dealing with a common factor of concern among the students, and that is behavioral advancement.Through focusing on this specific matter of common ground, the development of the suggested process of increasing the capability of the institution in handling behavioral issues among students is a vital part of institutional progress. In this study, the development of the said factor of institutional progress is further presented in assisting students in becoming the best individuals they could be through becoming behaviorally assured of themselves. Problem Human morality is indeed a loosing virtue at present.It could be noted that because of the many influences that the media and the society itself impose o n the minds of the young population, it is disturbing that young learners are loosing their grip of the moral values that they are supposed to receive from their studies in school. True, the modern society became less caring on the part of teaching the young generation of the morals that they actually need to know simply because of the fact that these moral values are the ones that would particularly assist them in becoming the right kind of people that they really ought to be.This is particularly the reason why it has been made possible by educational enthusiasts as well as the educational authorities to incite moral studies within the curriculum of young learners in school. They do believe that this particular way of dealing with the problem shall be an effective process of making the young ones realize of their moral responsibilities towards themselves and the society as well (Johnson, 2002, 19). To be able to do so, the creation of several programs with regards the said aim towa rds educational progress and moral implication among young ones becomes among the focus of the said systems of education.According to Cornwall, â€Å"Character† is a term that is primarily used to assist humans in becoming the best individuals that they ought to be. It is has been noted to by the same author that the philosophies governing â€Å"character† are particularly related to the abilities of humans to become the best that they could be while they are following certain regulations of life that keeps them within the laws that make it easier for them to be morally upright. Being upright then is the primary element that that is believed to lead people to becoming more successful in their future.However, because of the many pressures coming from the world, it could be concluded that this particular process of development is not that easy to comprehend with. (Lickona, 1992, 10) This is the reason why the rules of obtaining curriculum arrangements for young learners that are designed for them to become well aware of their responsibilities as individuals in attaining the most important factors of being morally upright is being encouraged by different learning institutions.Among the program’s concern is to incite respect, honesty, kindness, generosity, racial equality and other moral values that are intended to help students become better individuals for the sake of their own good and the society that they are living in as well. (Lickona, 1992, 31) One part of the program, as earlier mentioned is the implementation of regulations that help students enhance their virtue of respect towards others. â€Å"Respect† as noted to be one among the many virtues that are enhanced by the said program shall be the focus of discussion in this paper.The presentation of the regulations as well as the activities that are needed to be performed by students make this particular program more effective and knowingly practical for application among the s tudents being guided. The Program for Retaining Respect in Schools This type of program certainly adheres to the aims of the administration of the school in becoming highly expressive of their goals in making the students respectful as they could possibly be within or even outside the school promises. It could be noted that this particular virtue is already gradually diminishing today.Youths become more aggressive as to how they primarily treat their parents. It could not be denied that the effects of their peers as well as the presentations that they see through media entertainment easily sinks in within their system that it begins to show out in the ways that they treat their parents or even their educators at school. The Program for Retaining Respect in Schools then primarily aims to return and furthermore, retain the respect that has already been lost by the students towards the elderly generation and their peers as well.To be further implemented, the ones pursuing the program a re expected to create possible ways by which the students are to be given a chance to evaluate themselves through self-evaluation. They [the students] are then given a specific time with which they are to submit themselves to the school counselor for some personal interview sessions. The said interview questions are made more intimate to help the students realize of their roles with regards the said program in a more personal way.Later on, several seminars or even pep talks are to be held within the premises of the school that are aimed in reminding the students of the importance of the virtues concerning the enhancement of respect. (Ramsey, 2001, 21) The evaluation of the student’s progress shall be done through a survey procedure that is particularly made to adhere to the process of seeing of the program actually made any changes within the characteristics of the students.Once the survey procedure is over, the institution is expected to give awards to those who are deservin g. The said awards could be given as grade on the moral character of the child or a special recognition of the said students with regards the improvement of their character in school. Parents and guardians are also encouraged to help within the process. Their involvement in the program would actually make the process much easier to bear on the part of the educational proctors of the children.The Issues Binding the Program There is nothing that is actually faultless in the program except for the fact that it adheres to the awarding process that might actually dim the goal of the institution in implying â€Å"heart-felt† improvement in the moral standards of the students. At some point, the motivation of the students in becoming well-mannered in terms of them respecting their peers and their elderly may then be solely focused on their aim of having the award.Thus making it less connected in being able to become the model students who are upright enough to stand up for themselve s in times that they are required to respect their fellowmen which is at always. Although the awarding simply aims to attract the students and their parents in adhering to the program, what they show as an improvement on their manners may not be that reliable enough anymore. Since they are empowered to show their respect because of the aim of gaining the award, after gaining it, they may return to their old attitudes that are not merely as perfect as they have shown when they do not have what they particularly wanted yet.It has never been wrong to give incentives for good works (Short, 1993, 16). It could not be denied however that some incentives may have other effects on the credibility and the practicality of some of the programs that are implicated by several learning institutions with regards morality. This is the reason why it is very important to first examine and predict the pros and cons of the proposed programs even before actually applying them for the schools to adapt in to. Evaluation of the ProgramMoral education has always been a part of institutional learning and teaching techniques that are offered to students within the universities. It could then be observed that through the programs that are implied by several schools with regards the enhancement of the moral characteristics of students (Jamie, 1998, 14). This aim of making a morally upright society is not that hard to predict. Overall, it could then be noted that the program that has been primarily evaluated in this paper is highly recommended for institutional adaptation.This is because of the fact that it adheres to the elements that need to be added on the different procedures of advancing in educating students through character enhancement programs. IT involves not only the students but the parents and guardians as well, making it more effective in terms of being highly related to the social growth of the people who are concerned within the said process of wakening the senses of the peo ple in returning to moral standards again as they continue progressing as individuals in the society.â€Å"To educate a person in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace society†- Theodore Roosevelt The late American President’s word as posted above adhere to the fact that the implementation if character learning programs among young learners within educational institutions is indeed one of the keys in obtaining a society that is highly concerned with morality and social equality.True, the peace and security that everyone had been longing for, ever since could only be obtained once the offspring of the society, the young generation, would be educated in the right ways of moral living (Lowman, 2002, 19). Constantly adhering to the ways by which morals are to be implied must and should always be the main aim of educational institutions in equipping their students with the assistance that they need to become successful in their own lives later on. This would then he lp then lead a more meaningful future.Reasons For Pursuing the Study Background of the Study The schools and other educational institutions today are facing large problems regarding the issue on the students’ lack of self discipline resulting to under-achievements of the students in the school as well as violence within the school premises. How close are these two issues related to each other? Mostly, the age-stage of which the student enters when he attends secondary school is ranged as the puberty stage of an individual’s growth.According to psychologists, this particular stage of growth introduces an individual to several major decisions that he has to face along the way towards his maturity. Hence, confusion of priorities and aggravation of depression through the environment occurs (Coon, 1999, 88). As reports could attest to this fact, it is not that hard to understand that there is an essential need of restructuring the procedures of the school when it comes to d isciplining students who are attending secondary education. This is the reason why the researcher of this paper opted to discuss the issue mentioned.The timeliness of the research would indeed help in solving the problems at present especially with regards the issues of education, discipline and student achievements. Significance of the Problem The problem as mentioned earlier directly affects the achievements of the students in their schools. This means that because of the lack of discipline, the students of the secondary school level face the challenges of being misaligned when it comes to their focus and at some point become highly attracted to drugs and violence.This is the fact when it comes to school procedures. The actual reports that pertain to the said issue are indeed much disturbing and further more alarming to the institutional boards. As most of the schools affected by this dilemma are public educational institutions at [79%] whilst Private schools are affected by at le ast [45%], it is indeed necessary to identify the reasons behind the incidents that lead to students’ lesser interest in school and a higher rate of attraction towards drugs and violence.Through the proceedings of this particular research, it is expected that the reasons behind the ongoing issue in schools would be further regulated and controlled by institutional administrations through the use of psychological and psychosocial motivation. Research Questions To be able to attend to the most important issues related to this particular problem, the researcher decided to use the following questions as guidelines for the completion of this particular study: †¢ What are the primary sources of the discipline of the students?Do those sources pertain to the personal or the social connection of the students to the society? †¢ How are students reacting to the discipline that they learn from their homes and from their environment? What are the elements that are so far affecti ng the vision of the students towards their achievements in school as well as towards their future? †¢ How are drugs and violence related to the effects of lack of discipline among students? These particular questions shall serve as the primary foundation of the study.These questions shall be the settling ground of the researcher in finding the right sources for the completion of this paper as well as deciding on the right method to be used to collect actual data for the validation of this study. Purpose of the Study To add up to the stress that this study places on the topic to be discussed in this paper, the following presentation of the purposes would primarily support the existing statements of the problem to assist in the validation of the facts that are to be presented. The purposes of this study are:†¢ TO assist the ongoing researches on school students’ discipline issues and help the institutions solve the impending results of the said problems. †¢ To m ake assessments on how the issues could be investigated through the use of psychological assessments and actual-report-based evaluations of the situation. †¢ To strengthen the procedures of student motivation that is already currently used in schools in the society today. The utilization of these purposes within the completion of this study certainly helps in aligning the focus of the researcher.Hence, by doing so, the researcher expects that the focus would be on the cycle of events that involve the source of discipline, the results of the influential elements of the environment to the discipline of the students and the future of the students afterwards. PART 2: LITTERATURE REVIEW Background of the Information Education has and will always be an important aspect in the society. This idea is mainly true because of the fact that it ensures an individual sense of responsibility and it promotes independence by equipping individuals in the society valuable knowledge and skills for them to survive and become existent to their purpose.In general perspective, education significantly promotes the development and further advancement of the society as a whole by enabling the young people to become knowledgeable individuals capable of enhancing the current lifestyle and culture of the society. Thus, in like manner, the act and concept of teaching is indeed significant since it is one and the major link between education and the society. Teaching in either private or public educational institutions is always perceived to be a great and respectable profession however, challenges and problems also exist in this field.Personally, this author also recognizes the importance of the concept of teaching to the society because of its significant benefits it offers for the individuals seeking knowledge and education. Secular teaching in the established educational institutions is generally considered by this author as a profession that is well honored and valued by the people (Mather, 2006, 18). However, many problems and issues are still needed to be address and developed to fully recognize the significance of this concept for the society.Society has always been increasing and the population and likewise its number of students because of which, facilities in the educational institutions must also be expanded to accommodate the said increase. This author believes that every student has their own right to claim and have access to education thus they must be given a way for them to do so. Aside from the classroom, outside facilities must also be given to the student population such as laboratories, athletic fields and others (Gabelnick, 1990, 17).These facilities will greatly promote the enthusiasm and the educational pursuit of the students and also aid in their complete personal development in different humanistic aspect. Teaching, generally also involves the professional and interaction between the students and the teacher wherein it is culturally perce ive that the teacher has the authority over the situation. However, this author believes that the grounds for the authoritarian aspect should only concern the issue of respect of position between the two and should not be abuse.To develop a harmonious educational environment, this author believes that a certain bond or connection must instead be develop by the teacher to his or her students that is based on the grounds of understanding wherein each of the two can actually learn and develop from their relationship. Through this concept, teacher can actually promote an environment for their students wherein they can grow and develop in both the academic and personal aspects. (Knapczyk, 2004, 21) Teaching should also involve the aspect of relating the students to the social community they belong with.This concept will involve teaching the students their social responsibilities, its process of enactment, and its significance for the society. Through this concept, students will also lear n to participate in their community and become socially responsible individuals (Ramsey, 2001, 41). Education is not only focus on the secular education aspect of the individuals involve in it. This writer strongly believes that the concept of education also transcends all of the basic aspect of the personal development wherein it involves the physical, emotional and social realm of the personal qualities of the human being.These aspects are indeed important and must be addressed by primarily the teacher in his or her goal of guiding the students in their development to become responsible units in the human society. The Relation of Teaching to the Aspects of Student Behavioral Management Education has always been an important aspect in the course of personal and societal development as a whole. Every individual has an urge and personal willingness to learn valuable information that varies from either practical knowledge o scientific ones.However, all of these relevant informations a re very much needed by every individual to be able to develop their own self and become self-sufficient and productive members of the society. Education has many methodologies from which one individual can attain it in a scientifically formulated pattern. This is actually the main pattern accepted and utilized by all educational institution in their formal learning process and even implemented by those who implement informal ones.Gradual and progressive pattern is the most effective and easiest way used in learning process because it mainly accommodates normal brain development and innate learning abilities of the person. In this learning process, the main methodology commonly used in the per curriculum basis encompassing teaching instructions for learning individuals. Curriculum is literally defined in education as a set of courses regarding different classes or subjects offered in different educational institutions such as a school or a university.Embedded in its process are diffe rent specific classes for minor and major aspects that are all conjoined in adherence to the course objective of the entire curriculum. This is actually formulated and expressed in terms of its learning outcomes and for the development of the students taking up the said curriculum. Curriculums in general, whatever its subject or class is, are all created to envelope the learning process of individuals learning their specific course to develop and acquire valuable and relevant skills in that specific field.The main learning approach commonly used in the curriculum teaching is based on a set of instruction, which are all directed to guide the students in the gradually process of learning in the curriculum. Instructions are a basic aspect of the learning process. They are all formulated to guide students in their gradual learning process in their respective fields. In educational curriculum, instructions serve as a form of communicated information that has a command and explanation nat ure.Thus, instructions are descriptive explanations for how an action, behavior, method, or task is to be begun, completed, conducted, or executed. Because of their significant relevance to the learning process of individuals, instructions are explicitly used in the approach system and learning process in a curriculum. Learning instructions are generally formulated and given to students to guide them in discovering and thus learning the different specific informations and processes that are significant in the execution and completion of their respective subjects that are enveloped in their curriculum.With consideration of the definition and significant or the two main aspects in the learning process, curriculum and instruction have a direct relationship with each other. In the education aspect, curriculums are generally composed of specific set of instructions in specific subjects based on its respective course. Instruction are formulated and applied by the educational institutions to guide and educate explain to their students the knowledge and information in the different subjects encompassed in the gradual learning process of their different curriculums in every courses or fields.Thus, curriculum and instructions go side-by-side in systematically developing and directing the educational system to better address the normal mental development and innate learning process of the students thus encouraging more productive and efficient learning approach for the society. Constant Discipline and the Programs needed to implement it In Schools What Psychology Says and how Anthropology Relates Both psychology and anthropology concentrate on the behavioral study of humans.Through the use of the said studies, the reasons behind the occurring behaviors of students in secondary school could be well identified. With regards the issue on discipline and how it affects the students, Psychologists claim that the situation is much controlled by the upbringing of the students. T he original discipline that they receive from their homes are supposed to be the basis of why they act the way they do when they are already mingling with their peers or with the society as it is.(Coon, 1999, 89) Moreover, girls of the same age are differently reacting to the discipline that they receive from their homes compared to that of the boys. Anthropological studies attest to the claims of psychology as the said field of human understanding particularly points out the instance by which the discipline received by students from their homes are directly affected by the elements of the environment when they already begin to mingle with their peers or the society.As mentioned earlier, the effects vary. To young girls, the discipline that they receive from their homes are more likely more evident in their system of dealing with others as young girls are expected to be more emotionally and personally attached to the their families compare to that of the boys who are at some point m ore affected by the elements of change that they encounter in dealing with other people especially with their peers (Coon, 1999, 90).Knowing the sources of the discipline, it is essential to evaluate the claims of both psychology and anthropology through the use of the actual reports that are further presented for better understanding of the readers. What Actual Reports Say Discipline is one primary element that is highly needed in schools, however, the irony pertains to the fact that it is also the primary element that is lacking in the said system of social connection at present. According to William, of Kenya, things have changed in this regard in Africa too. He said: â€Å"Discipline among the children is on the decline.When I was growing up [he is now in his 40’s], teachers ranked among the most respected people in African society. The teacher was always seen by young and old as a role model. This respect is on the decline. Western culture is slowly influencing young on es, even in rural Africa. Movies, videos, and literature depict lack of respect for authority as something heroic. † (Awake! 1999, 25) Giuliano, who teaches in Italy, laments: â€Å"Children are affected by the spirit of rebellion, insubordination, and disobedience that permeates the whole of society.† (Awake! 1999, 29) Sad to say, drugs have also become a problem in schools—so much so that U. S. teacher and author LouAnne Johnson writes: â€Å"Drug-abuse prevention is part of nearly every school curriculum, starting in kindergarten. [Italics ours. ] Children know much more about drugs . . . than most adults do. † She adds: â€Å"Students who feel lost, unloved, lonely, bored, or insecure are most likely to experiment with drugs. †(2002, 51) Amira teaches in Guanajuato State, Mexico.She admits: â€Å"We face problems of violence and drug addiction in the family that directly affect the children. They are immersed in an environment in which they lea rn foul language and other vices. Another big problem is poverty. Although schooling here is free, the parents have to buy the notebooks, pens, and other materials. But food must come first. † (Johnson, 2002, 59) In the United States, recent shooting incidents at schools have highlighted that gun-related violence is not a minor problem in that land.One report states: â€Å"It is estimated that 135,000 guns are brought to the nation’s 87,125 public schools each day. To reduce the number of guns in schools, officials are using metal detectors, surveillance cameras, specially trained dogs to sniff out guns, locker sweeps, identification tags, and a prohibition against bringing book bags to school. † (Teaching in America) Such security measures make one ask, Are we talking of schools or prisons? The report adds that more than 6,000 students have been expelled for taking guns to school. (Johnson, 2002, 29)

Military Enlistment

Mandatory military service has been an issue which has been debated and practiced for hundreds of years.   Currently, there are several countries such as Brazil, Demark, Germany, Russia, Israel, Turkey, and Singapore which have mandatory service for men at a young age, while countries such as Israel make both men and women serve a term in the armed forces (Williams).   Although countries such as Israel, who are at a perpetual war with tightened border defense, may benefit from conscription, there are many disadvantages to mandatory service which other countries experience.The United States has had a history of conscription during times of war or times of crises.   The first conscription act in 1863 called for men 20 to 45 to serve.   With the ability to buy your way out of service, many people felt that this was unfair to the poor causing riots to occur in New York (Freeman).   Again, the US drafted citizens during WWI allowing for exemptions to people who were in critical domestic positions, disabled, or had dependent families (Should US Draft).   In 1940 the Selective Training and Service Act was passed, making it the first peacetime draft in preparation for the potential involvement into WWII.   This Act lead the way for the much criticized daft into the Vietnam War, which lead to the final termination of the military draft in 1973 (Should US Draft).Canada has also had a history of conscription during wartime involvement with equal dissatisfaction by the general public.   Prime Mister Borden placed a high emphases on Canadian involvement in the war effort since be believed that it would bring unity to the country, and would show the world (mainly Britain), that Canada was more than just a colony, but a major contender in the global community.   This however, did not come true since he was unable to win the support of the opposition leadership, the gap between rich and poor commitment and reward was prevalent, and the French community did no t support dying overseas (Conscription for Wartime Service).During the Cold War, Russia was a country which required large numbers of conscripts for the purpose of defense.   Currently, Russia is having difficulty maintaining the level of conscription, stated by one general that only 11 percent of able men do their service.   Most used one of the 22 exemptions such as illness or education to excuse themselves from their duties.   To compound the issue, Russia’s military has experience a high level of desertion due to harsh physiological and living conditions (Agence France-Presse).Sweden has also raised issues with their conscription, questioning on whether women should be required to have a mandatory service similar to what the men are required to do.   Although their goals in mandatory service is based on building an effective and egalitarian defense force, the reality of budget cutbacks has prevented more than two thirds of eligible candidates to be called up for s ervice (Associated Press).One of the strictest countries for mandatory service may be Israel which requires all males at the age of 18 to serve the Israel Defense Force (IDF) for 3 years, and all women to serve for 2 years.   Despite the current requirements, and the 60% acceptance of conscription by the general youth, it is estimated that only 50% of those required will actually serve any military service (NYS in Israel).   Although there has been an exemption for young Israelis with particular religions affiliation in the past with no major quarrel in the political area, recent years have lead to public criticism and lawmakers questioning the current position on the issue (NYS in Israel)Due to the severe involvement of military in the lives of almost every family, Israel’s culture, political and economic structure has been built around military service.   It has become an important test to personal and group acceptance, as well as a gateway to personal transformation.    Because of this, as the involvement of youth in the military decrease, the institute for social behavior disappears, and needs to be replaced with an alternative social structure (NYS in Israel).   This shows that not only has conscription become a necessity for defense, but also a necessity for social and economic beliefs.In 2003, Democratic Representative Charles Rangel proposed a bill for mandatory service for the United States, based on a different social aspect to conscription.   It was his belief that families, and Congress in particular, took war too lightly. Having mandatory service for all youth would make the country take a harder look at military options and be more likely to look for diplomatic solutions (Rangel Calls for Service).Further arguments for mandatory service believe that there has been a growing lack of respect among youth, as well as a decrease in overall academic capabilities with the increase of crime and substance abuse.   It is believed that t he discipline, honor, and value system built within the military, along with the need for respect for the chain of command, would make a better society as a whole if conscription existed (Williams).Williams also argues that conscription would create a society that is better fit and mentally strong (Williams).   This idea brings up the concern of the current health level of the general public.   With such high levels of obesity and related health issues, would such conditions make a person exempt from mandatory service, or would basics training endanger their lives?Studies have shown that there is a relationship between obesity and poverty, stating that food that are higher is fats, sugar, or starch are typically cheaper than their healthier alternatives (Degginger).   If this is the case, then as history has shown there is a fundamental flaw in conscription where one class (typically the rich) are exempt from service, while another class are expected to enlist.This trend has a lways caused social criticism as it did with the riots in New York and the protests among the French communities in Canada.   The fundamental difference in this scenery however, is that it would be the poor who would be most likely exempt do to health concerns, while the rich with their lower obesity rates, would be expected to serve in the military.Economically, mandatory service is more costly than an all-voluntary military.   In 1968, Richard Nixon formed the Gates Commission to examine the shift to voluntary service after pressure from the unpopular draft for the Vietnam War.   The Commission found that the opportunity costs of a draft is higher on society as a whole then the opportunity costs of labor under a voluntary military system, decreasing output.   As people who would make higher incomes in civilian jobs be forced into lower paying military jobs, society loses as a whole (Should US Draft).As history and current issues have shown, mandatory service creates a syst em which separates two aspects of society, manly economical.   This separation has not gone unnoticed by the general public and usually leads to public outcry and politic pressure placed on governments.   As Israel has shown us, a successful conscription program does not go without consequences; a society where its social and economic background become reliant on the military and war.   Although there are some advantages to the personal development of a fraction of individuals through military service, the cost for society as a whole may be too great to consider mandatory military service for our youth.BibliographyAssociated Press.   Sweden Considers Mandatory Military Service For Women. News-Star.com 27 June 2003.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 Agence France-Presse. Only 11 Percent of Russian Men Enter Mandatory Military Service:General. Space Daily. 06 December 2002.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 Conscription for Wartime Services. Center for Canadian Studies. 2001.   Re trieved 27 November 2006 Degginger, Craig. USDA Study to Address Obesity and Poverty. University of Washington 22 June 2004.   Retrieved 27 November 2006Freeman, Johanne. Timeline of the Civil War. Library of Congress 27 November 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2006 NYS in Israel. Carmel Institute For Social Studies.   27 November 2006.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 < http://www.carmelinstitute.org.il/YouthService/nysinisrael.htm>Rangel Calls for Mandatory Military Service. CNN.com 30 December 2002.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 Should the US Reinstitute a Military Draft.   South-Western. 2003.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 Williams, Armstrong. Mandatory Military Service Would Benefit the U.S. NewsMax.com 19 June 2006.   Retrieved 27 November 2006

First-Person Pronouns in Academic Writing - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

First-Person Pronouns in Academic Writing First-Person Pronouns in Academic Writing During school, many of us were told to never use â€Å"I† in an essay. And so we went on to college, trying our best to write papers without using any first-person pronouns. But where does this rule come from? And is it really wrong to use â€Å"I† in an essay? Read on to find out! When Not to Use â€Å"I† in Academic Writing It is true that using too many first-person pronouns in a college paper will look bad. This is because it looks like you’re expressing an opinion rather than discussing facts. For instance: I think the Watergate scandal had a big effect on American politics. The â€Å"I think† here is unnecessary. Watergate was undeniably a major incident in American politics, so it is not simply an opinion. You could even cite sources where its impact is discussed. It may have involved at least one of these guys. Similarly, overuse of first-person pronouns can detract from the focus of your writing. Take the following example from a scientific paper: I observed the sample through a microscope, and I noticed an unusual microbe. Here, the focus is on the person conducting the study instead of the study itself. But scientific writing is supposed to be objective. It would therefore be better to say: The sample was observed through a microscope. This revealed an unusual microbe. By using the passive voice here, we make sure the focus is on the experiment, not the experimenter. In both of these cases, then, it would be better to avoid use of the first person. Using First-Person Pronouns Correctly However, there are cases when it is correct to use first-person pronouns in an essay. These include: To emphasize or clarify your own role in a study To position yourself in relation to other thinkers For example, we could write the following without using the first person: In studying queue formation in Starbucks, the issue of how social behavior is affected by caffeine withdrawal was explored. However, this gives us no indication of who is conducting the study and the use of passive voice leads to an awkward sentence. We might therefore want to use first-person pronouns to ensure clarity: In studying queue formation in Starbucks, we explored how social behavior is affected by caffeine withdrawal. Another alternative would be using â€Å"the researcher† or â€Å"the author† to refer to ourselves in the third person. But this can also be problematic. For instance: While Ving and Rhames (2001) argued that tea drinkers are more violent, the researchers have not found evidence to back up this claim. The identity of â€Å"the researchers† here could be ambiguous. Does it refer to Ving and Rhames? Another study by someone else? Or is it the authors of this paper? It would therefore be better to say: While Ving and Rhames (2001) argued that tea drinkers are more violent, we have not found evidence to back up this claim. With this simple change, we can immediately what this sentence is saying. In general, then: DO NOT use the first person if it makes your work sound overly subjective or draws focus from what you are meant to be discussing But DO use the first person if it helps to ensure clarity and concision in your writing

Hydrogenated Oils essays

Hydrogenated Oils essays Fat is essential to life, its not to be feared anymore if the right type is consumed. There are three classifications of fat: saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids. These fats are used by the body as energy, but provide more than twice as many calories per gram as either carbohydrates or protein that have 4 grams compared to 9 grams in fat. Fat is also a carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E that are vital for everyday living. The unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature, provide the body with essential fatty acids that the body cannot produce so they have to be consumed. These fats also aid in lowering the bad cholesterol low-density lipids (LDLs). Although polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are healthy they should be eaten in moderation. As for saturated fat, which is solid at room temperature, it raises the LDLs that leads to heart disease, the number one killer in America. It can also lead to cancer and obesity that is why the Recommend Dietary Intake (RDI) of saturated fat should only be 10% of the diet. Although most Americans are taught that saturated fat is the worst fat, but there is one more that has been around for several years, but has been hidden. Trans fatty acids is the name of the cultrate or as otherwise know as hydrogenated oils. Trans fatty acids are geometrical isomers of the naturally occurring cis-fatty acids and they resemble the molecular configuration of saturated fat. They are commercially produced in vast amounts by heating vegetable oils (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated) with metal catalysts and hydrogen to form what is known as shortening or margarine. In nature, unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that are cis isomers; with adjacent carbons on the same side of the double bond. This results in a bent shape and a liquid state when at room temperature. As for the trans fatty acids, the car...

Application for Qualified Teacher Status Nationals of European Economic Area

Please indicate the eligibility condition you satisfy: i) You have successfully completed a course of post-secondary higher education of at least three years’ duration, as well as the professional training which may e required in addition to that postsecondary course. ii) In a member state where post-secondary higher education of at least three years is the normal requirement, you are recognised and permitted to practise as a qualified school teacher, having undertaken some lesser education and training in such a State (acquired rights). iii) You are recognised in an EEA state by virtue of qualifications obtained outside of the EEA and have three years’ certified professional experience in that state. 3 Teacher qualifications If you are not sure whether you consider yourself disabled as defined by the Act, or need information, please contact the Equality and Human Rights Commission on 0845 604 6610 (phone), 0845 604 6630 (fax), 0845 604 6620 (textphone), or visit www. equalityhumanrights. com Ethnicity: Please put a cross in one box to indicate your cultural background. This information will be used to estimate the number of teachers from different ethnic groups to enable the TA to track and help monitor equal opportunities for all teachers. Qualified teacher status Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) is an accreditation made to those teachers who meet the professional standards required to be able to teach in maintained schools, non-maintained special schools or pupil referral units in England. Without QTS a teacher cannot be employed as a qualified teacher in state schools. The European Council Directive 2005/36/EC allows EEA nationals who are recognised as qualified school teachers in an EEA state to be recognised as qualified school teachers in England. The Teaching Agency (TA) is the ompetent authority in England for recognising EEA teachers for the award of QTS under this directive. This application form is designed for teachers who are qualified to teach the compulsory age-range in England (5-16). Are you eligible for QTS? To be eligible for recognition as a qualified school teacher in England under the directive, you must be able to satisfy one of the following three conditions: 1. You have successfully completed a course of post-secondary higher education of at least three years’ duration, as well as the professional training which may be required in addition to that post-secondary course. . In a member state where post-secondary higher education of at least three years is the normal requirement, you are recognised and permitted to practice as a qualified school teacher, having undertaken some lesser education and training in such a state (acquired rights). 3. You are recognised in an EEA state by virtue of qualifications obtained outside of the EEA and have three years’ certified professional experience in that state. Recognition for school teachers is covered by Article 13 under Directive 2005/36/EC. The directive can be found online at http://eur-lex. uropa. eu/(directive) How to apply Please complete all parts of the form in full and attach any additional information on separate sheets. 1. Personal details Please ensure the contact address you supply is the address you wish all TA correspondence to be sent to. If you do not have a UK national insurance number, please leave this box blank. You need to send in evidence of your EEA nationality e. g. photocopy of passport, ID card etc. If your name is different to that on your qualifications you will need to send in evidence of your change of name e. g. hotocopy of marriage certificate etc. 2. Eligibility Please tick which criteria you meet. Please note that if you are applying under Part 2 b iii you will need to provide a letter of attestation from the EEA state that recognised you that confirms you are a recognised teacher and that you have three years’ professional experience in that EEA State after being recognised by them. 3. Teacher qualifications Please detail your initial teacher training qualifications. Please send in a copy of your teaching qualification along with a certified translation. If your qualification does not clearly state your status as a teacher along with the age-range and subjects you are qualified to teach, please send in a copy of your diploma supplement or transcript to support this. If you needed to complete an induction or probation period to become a fully qualified teacher in the EEA state in which you qualified, please send in evidence of this also. 4. Higher education qualification Please complete this section if your initial teacher training was a postgraduate course. You will need to send in a copy of your higher education qualification along with a certified translation. 5. Particulars of employment as a school teacher undertaken in the last ten years. Please detail employment you have undertaken in the last ten years after you qualified as a teacher. 6. Diversity This information will be used to estimate the number of teachers from different ethnic groups to enable the TA to track and help monitor equal opportunities for all teachers. 7. Declaration Please sign and date this section of the form. All applications must be signed and dated before they can begin to be processed. Translations For your qualifications listed in parts 3 and 4, you need to send in certified English translations of these documents. A certified translation must be undertaken by an independent competent translator. The Association of Translation Companies can tell you about translation companies: www. atc. org. uk Please note we do not accept UK NARIC comparability statements in lieu of certified translations. UK NARIC provides a service whereby qualifications from outside the UK are compared to the UK’s qualification frameworks. These can be useful in demonstrating your level of education to potential employers or educational institutions. You will need to send photocopies of your proof of nationality and additional supporting document if your name is different to those on your qualifications. We do not require certified translations of your evidence of nationality or change of name; you may however wish to accompany them with a translation you have completed yourself. Where to send your documents: Once the application form is completed, please send it to us at the following address: QTS and Induction Division Teaching Agency 7th Floor, 53-55 Butts Road Earlsdon Park Coventry CV1 3BH United Kingdom Please remember to send photocopies of your supporting documents and translations. The TA does not accept responsibility for original documents. What happens next When we receive your application form we will send you a letter acknowledging receipt of your application. If there are any documents missing from your application we will contact you within one calendar month from the date of receipt. Once we receive a complete application the TA has four months in which to assess and make a decision on whether to award you QTS under the terms of Directive 2005/36/EC. If you are successful you will be regarded as a qualified teacher in England and you will be sent: †¢ your QTS certificate; and †¢ your teacher reference number (if you do not already have one). If you are unsuccessful in your application we will write to you stating why. Applicants wishing to appeal must do so within four months of the notification of the decision. Getting a job Most teachers look for work through advertisements in national and local newspapers.

IAQ & Thermal Comfort Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IAQ & Thermal Comfort - Research Paper Example Both regional and international standards have been developed to prescribe indoor environmental conditions that are safe for buildings’ occupants. In order understand how these factors (Thermal comfort and indoor air quality) affect the quality of life people leave indoors, it is important to know the various aspects affecting them. This research paper, therefore, aims at discussing and understanding the various factors that affect the quality of indoor air (known as Indoor Air quality, IAQ), and factors that affect human thermal comfort. The paper also aims at discussing the relationship that exists between thermal comfort and Indoor Air quality. The research paper will also discuss challenge of combination and maintenance of these factors (Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air quality) in Saudi Arabia, among others. Indoor air quality Description Indoor air quality can be described as the quality of air around and within structures and buildings which people occupy (Amissah, 2005). This quality of air is related to the comfort and health of individuals who occupy these structures and/or buildings. An â€Å"accepted indoor air quality† can be defined as an air condition in which majority of the occupants are satisfied with it, and in which there is no accumulation of contaminants to levels that can affect humans negatively (harm occupants) (Amissah, 2005). The quality of indoor air depend on a number of factors, among them include: quantity, strength and type of indoor emissions and quality, quantity and type of air outdoor. In order to ensure that indoor air conditions are comfortable and at accepted levels, the spaces that exist indoors must receive sufficient amount of clean outdoor air (Al-ajmi, 2010). In addition to receiving sufficient amount of air, indoors should be ventilated. During ventilation it should be ensured that all the spaces indoors receive air that is not contaminated with harmful microbiological components or chemicals which are ha zardous in nature (Amissah, 2005). In summary, the quality of indoor is normally affected by outdoor climate, variations in operations that take place in buildings or structures, and activities of the building occupants. Before proceeding to discussing more about the factors that affect quality of indoor, it is important that certain terms and expression that relate to indoor air quality are understood. These terms include: a) Perceived air quality b) Standard person c) Olf (Amissah, 2005) Perceived air quality Perceived air quality can be defined as the fraction of percentage of people who are dissatisfied (Amissah, 2005). Meaning that, it is the fraction of people who feel that the quality of air in a space just after entering in is not acceptable. Perceived air quality is measured in decipols. One decipol is considered as the quality of perceived air in a space that is polluted with a pollution source of one olf, and is ventilated using clean air fed at a rate of 10 liters per se cond. Olf This is unit for measuring amount of pollution generated by occupants of a building or a structure (Al-ajmi, 2010). It is estimated a standard person generates pollution of one (1) olf. Standard person A standard person can be defined as an average sedentary individual (adult) who works in an office, and feels neutral in terms air and thermal quality, or an average office worker who is not

Controversy Over Irradiation of Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Controversy Over Irradiation of Food - Essay Example Schools are not even required to inform students and parents that they are using irradiated beef. Current FDA regulations only require that irradiated food be identified as irradiated when it is sold to the original customer. Restaurants and institutional cafeterias can use irradiated food without warning their customers. However, the USDA ruling has had little effect. Despite the fact that irradiated ground beef is being heavily promoted by the USDA and major food companies, almost no school districts are currently serving it in their cafeterias. High prices and possibly the fear of citizen complaints have stopped most schools from using any irradiated beef. Food irradiation continues to be a very controversial technology, and most consumers still reject it for many reasons. This research paper is designed to analyze the technology of food irradiation. The advantages and drawbacks of food irradiation will be researched. Any unknown dangers that may occur due to the use or misuse of the technology will be discovered. A decision on whether food should be irradiated will be made. Food irradiation involves the use of ionizing radiation on a food product. The radiation can be used to kill some or all of the viruses, bacteria, insects, and fungi in food. Irradiation can also be used to preserve food for a long period of time. It can delay the ripening of some fruits and vegetables. Three different processes and three different levels of radiation are currently used on food. The three levels used are radurization, radicidation, and radappertization. Radurization involves a low dose of radiation (around 0.5 kiloGrays to 10 kiloGrays). These low levels of radiation are commonly used on foods that are alkaline and moist, such as meat and fish. Radurization is designed to kill the organisms that cause meat and fish to spoil, but the doses involved in this process are usually not sufficient to kill most organisms that cause food borne illnesses. Radicidation involves a dose of radiation that is between 3 kiloGrays and 10 kiloGrays. This level of radiation can be used to kill many types of viruses and bacteria. However, the doses that are used in radiciation are still not high enough to kill spores and many resistant types of bacteria. The bacteria that cause salmonella and botulism can survive at these radiation levels. The radiation levels used in radicidation are also high enough to cause chemical changes in food. Radappertization involves very high doses of radiation (around 25 to 60 kiloGrays). These doses are enough to completely kill nearly all of the bacteria that inhabit an item of food. Botulism and salmonella bacteria are killed at these radiation levels, and the amounts of bacteria that are left on the food product are usually low enough for the food to be considered clinically sterile. Radappertization is not usually used on food, and it is currently illegal to use this process on most types of food in most countries (Cutter, 2000). There are also three different processes that have been currently approved to be used to irradiate food. These are electron beam, or e-beam, irradiation, gamma irradiation, and X-ray irradiation. The process of electron beam irradiation involves exposing food to a beam of electrons that have been accelerated to high speeds by a linear

Digital Marketing Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Digital Marketing Techniques - Essay Example Apart from this, the report will also try to illustrate a suitable communication strategy by which the company can satisfy its needs through the use of digital media. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 5 Market Analysis 6 Market Research 6 Competitors Comparison 8 Target Segmentation 9 Management Issues of Mobgets 10 Communication Strategy and Rational 11 Brand Awareness 13 Driving web traffic 13 Conversion 13 Budget Breakdown and timeline 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Bibliography 21 Appendix 1 24 Appendix 2 25 Appendix 3 26 Appendix 4 27 Introduction Digital marketing can be defined as the process of marketing by which the product is placed on the digital platform and making it available for the millions of users. In other words, digital marketing way of promoting products and services via online distribution channels to attain the customers cost-effective and timely manner (Mobilestorm, n.d.). It is also known as internet marketing (Miller, 2012, what is digital m arketing). The world of digital media is revolutionizing at an inconceivable velocity. It is transforming the way we intermingle and communicate with each other (Jones & Ryan, 2012, p.viii). People are accepting the digital technology in order to communicate in ways and are flawlessly integrating it into their daily lives. In digital marketing companies promote their brands by making the use of social media, Television. Internet, radio, search engines and other forms as well. In the context of smartphones, they are also mobile phones but built on a mobile computing platform (Artilib, 2011). Smartphones are characterized by the advanced ability of computing and strong internet connectivity (Psypost, n.d.). Companies hugely make use of the digital marketing in order to sell the applications of a smartphone. A mobile application is a software which is used by the operators for different applicative functions (Reif, Wang & Nieto, 2009, p.194). Mobile applications generally help the user s by linking them to internet services. In order to do a market analysis of the company SWOT will be used as the tool to showcase the present market situation of the company as it offers many benefits (Hartline & Ferrell, 2012, p.122). Market Research Marketing Research is a procedural design, collection, evaluation and presenting the data and findings into a meaningful information (Dutka, Breen & Blankenship, 1998, p.7).

Corrections and community justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corrections and community justice - Essay Example The warrant is served to the suspect verbally, and a copy given to him and arrest follows. Customarily, the suspect is arraigned before a judge a day or two following the issue of the warrant. Defense attorney represents the suspect, while the solicitor represents the state. The preliminary hearing involves submission of facts of the case and the determination by the judge, if the case can proceed to trial. At the plea stage, which follows preliminary hearings, the suspect is formally charged. The second hearing is conducted in front of grand jury, consisting of eighteen natives after which a trial is held either before a judge and the jury, or before a judge only. If a â€Å"guilty† plea is arrived at, the judge passes a sentence on the accused, but in cases dealing with death penalties, the jury is mandated to pass the sentence. In a criminal court, the government (the plaintiff) institutes a suit against a person(s) suspected of going against the law. There should be certainty for a â€Å"guilty† verdict to be passed. On the other hand, in a contemporary court, an individual (plaintiff) institutes legal proceedings against another (defendant). Reasonable doubt is never a

Pivotal Decades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pivotal Decades - Essay Example Another advancement was the development of wireless communication, which a number of things. The most common and influential was the development of mobile telephony, which made communication easier. Another notable technological advancement was the development of the computers into more usable machines. The assimilation of computers into the economic and educational sector proved crucial as it made things easier. The supermarkets could have automated point of sales and companies had systems to run their errands such as marketing, running analysis and giving future predictions. In the education sector, computers were used for experimental purposes, management and administrative use. The period between 1900 and 1920 were of immense significance to the future of America. The great advancements in technology have assisted us to be at the current economic status with developed countires.. It is because of the above advancements, that we have better lives compared to the lives we lived 30 decades ago. we can, therefore, conclude that the decades were

Columbian Exposition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Columbian Exposition - Essay Example The fair’s lead architect and overseer of the design and planning of the fair’s main buildings were Daniel Burnham. These massive, neoclassical structures came to be known, commonly, as the White City. Despite their elegant appearance, the buildings were made from wood frames wrapped in staff, a plaster mixture that creates the illusion of stone (Rydell and Wells-Barnet, 33). The White City was lasting for not more than six months. The exhibition closed in late October 1893 and that winter, almost all of the buildings came down due to the massive fire. The documents that follow present the history of the Columbian Exposition in comparison to the history of Chicago. With the town’s location on the Michigan, there was the facilitation of access to road, sea as well as rail. It was a congregation of ideas, men, and technologies from every part of the world, with each country putting forth the best of their industrial, cultural, commercial and educational enterprises . The Renaissance style of the expositional buildings was unlatches by its architectural beauty. The Exposition itself was a work of art. The Exposition was a brilliant show of science, art, and industry. All the people of the world have its pilgrimage to Columbian Exposition. The fair’s contribution to the restoration and development of Chicago as a whole is without the doubt great. The over 40,000 skilled laborers and workers who took part in the construction of the fair--at Jackson Park together with Burnham.

Pivotal Decades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pivotal Decades - Essay Example Another advancement was the development of wireless communication, which a number of things. The most common and influential was the development of mobile telephony, which made communication easier. Another notable technological advancement was the development of the computers into more usable machines. The assimilation of computers into the economic and educational sector proved crucial as it made things easier. The supermarkets could have automated point of sales and companies had systems to run their errands such as marketing, running analysis and giving future predictions. In the education sector, computers were used for experimental purposes, management and administrative use. The period between 1900 and 1920 were of immense significance to the future of America. The great advancements in technology have assisted us to be at the current economic status with developed countires.. It is because of the above advancements, that we have better lives compared to the lives we lived 30 decades ago. we can, therefore, conclude that the decades were

Constitution Compromises Essay Example for Free

Constitution Compromises Essay To the founders of the new American nation, it was important to make sure all states of the union stayed together. To ensure no states succeeded, many compromises were made in the ratification of the constitution, including those regarding representation and slavery, which allowed the majority of the population to be content and successfully governed the nations. Although the state’s populations were unequal, they all wanted their fair share of say in the government; the problem was they couldn’t decide what that fair share was. Their decision to create a bicameral government satisfied both the sparsely and densely populated states. The smaller states got their representation by the Senate, while the larger states got their wishes fulfilled by the House of Representatives. This compromise was ultimately for the better, being that a bicameral system has perks associated with it. For instance, a dual representation situation increases the chance that representatives have direct contact with the citizens, thus representing their population better. The two houses ultimately better served their country and resolved a conflict as well. Slavery was also an issue that saw a lot of dispute. Generally, Abolitionists in the North wanted to abolish slavery completely; however, this didn’t sit right with the South, whose economy desperately depended on slaves to flourish. There were two compromises about slavery. The first compromise ended the slave trade, and the second addressed the accounting of slaves in a state’s population for the census, as well as taxes. Being that the northern views were already stepping on the South’s toes, they couldn’t afford any clash to bring about talk of a separation from the union. Their decision to account 3/5 of a slave when apportioning taxes and representatives favored neither side in this dispute. This was for the better in that the southern states couldn’t really argue with the decision and stayed with the Union. Because the compromises that were made in the making of the constitution aimed to please, they worked by ensuring all states were happy, thus more likely to listen to the government and stay in the union.

Dabur PESTEL Analysis

Dabur PESTEL Analysis INTRODUCTION The Dabur company was established in 1884, a young doctor armed with a degree in medicine and a burning desire to serve mankind. This young man, Dr. S.K. Burman, laid the foundations of what is today known as Dabur India Limited. The brand name Dabur is derived from the words Da for Daktar or Doctor and bur from Burman. From those humble beginnings, the company has grown into Indias leading manufacturer of consumer healthcare, personal care and food products. Over its 125 years of existence, the Dabur brand has stood for goodness through a natural lifestyle. An umbrella name for a variety of products, ranging from hair care to honey, Dabur has consistently ranked among Indias top brands. Its brands are built on the foundation of trust that a Dabur offering will never cause anyone slightest of harm. The trust levels that this brand enjoys are phenomenally high. Dabur India Limited has marked its presence with significant achievements and today commands a market leadership status. There story of success is based on dedication to nature, corporate and process hygiene, dynamic leadership and commitment to their partners and stakeholders. The results of their policies and initiatives speak for them. The company has kept an eye on new generations of customers with a range of products that cater to a modern lifestyle, while managing not to alienate earlier generations of loyal customers. Dabur India Limited is the fourth largest FMCG Company in India and Dabur had a turnover ofapproximately US$ 750 Million (Rs. 3390.9 Crore FY 09-10) Market Capitalisation of over US$ 3.5 Billion (Rs 15500 Crore).Dabur Amla, Dabur Chyawanprash, Vatika, Hajmola and Real are the brands of Dabur. Dabur is an investor friendly brand as its financial performance shows. The companys growth rate rose from 10% to 40%. The expected growth rate for two years was two-fold. There is an abundance of information for its investors and prospective information including a daily update on the share price (something that very few Indian brands do). Theres a great sense of responsibility for investors funds on view. This is a direct extension of Daburs philosophy of taking care of its constituents and it adds to the sense of trust for the brand overall. The company, through Dabur Pharma Ltd. does toxicology tests and markets ayurvedic medicines in a scientific manner. They have researched new medicines which will find use in O.T. all over the country therein opening a new market. Dabur Foods, a subsidiary of Dabur India is expecting to grow at 25%. Its brands of juices, namely, Real and Active, together make it the market leader in the Fruit Juice Category. PESTEL ANALYSIS ON DABUR INDUSTRY (P)OLITICAL FACTORS: Government intervences : Government support the industry to expand to export its products to grow. Trading policies : Trading policies are also favourable for dabur company so it can export its products it also help him to expand to grow. (E)CONOMIC FACTORS: Consumer focus : they are continuously focussing on analysing the consumer needs develop products to fulfill there needs. This is the main reason for the growth of Dabur company. Living standard : Rise in the living standard of people have increased their production level, produce high quality variety of products. National income : National income is important factor as if affect the growth of the organisation. If per capita income is more the amount spend will be more if it will be lower the amount spent will be less. Inflation rate : Inflation means the rise in the value of all the product in the economy, if inflation rate is higher the cost of products will be higher if inflation rate is lower the cost of product will be lower. This directly affect the growth of the organization. (S)OCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS: Demographics : Demographics is the study of human population in the economy. It helps the organzation to divide the markets in different segments to target a large of customers. For Example- according to race, age, gender, family, religion, sex. Distribution of income : This shows that how income is distributed in the ecconomy. It directly affect the purchasing power of the buyers. And ultimately leads to increase or decrease in the consumption level of the products. Consumerism : This indicates that a large number of options are available while purchasing of goods to consumers, so the choice becomes easy quality products can be choose by consumers. So while purchasing a consumer have different choices to select product according to his needs. Education levels : Education is one of the most important factor which influence the buying power of consumer, while selecting a particular good a consumer should know all its features so it can differentiate them with another products. Law affect social behaviour : Different laws are made by the government to safe guard the rights of consumers. For example- Consumer protection act, this law indicates that a consumer can file a case against a seller if he finds that he is cheated. (T)ECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Discoveries innovation : Continuous innovation in products processes is the basis of there services. They provide consumers with innovative products within easy reach Build a platform to enable Dabur to become a global ayurvedic leader. Advancement in technology : Focus on growing there core brands across categories, reaching out to new geographies, within and outside India, and improve operational efficiencies by leveraging technology. Automation : Change in technology will leads to automation, this means that with new technology labour required is less as machines are automatic. All the works are done automatically by the machines as earlier it is labour oriented. Now all the work is machine oriented. Obselete rate : Day-by-day new inventions are made so the rate of obselete is higher, as in Computer LAPTOPS have replaced the PC. This shows that the technology becomes obselete very fast. Research development : This department plays a vital role in the development of the organization. As this department always do research that what are the demand of the markets how to make advancements so the organization can survive in the competitive world. (E)NVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: Environment regulations : The preferred company to meet the health and personal grooming needs of there target consumers with safe, efficacious, natural solutions by synthesizing the deep knowledge of ayurveda and herbs with modern science. Environmental protection : Responsible company to protect Ecological system use Eco-friendly products. (L)EGAL FACTORS: Companies law : The company fulfill all the Company law requirement so as to grow develop to sustain in the compitative market. Employment law : Employment law provides equal opportunities to every citizen to work earn his livelihood. It provides equal opportunities to every citizen. Consumer protection : This law helps to protect the rights of consumers he can file a case against seller if he find that he is cheated. Industry-specific regulations : These laws are related to industry for example- no industry can establish in between cities i.e. it should be outside the cities.